Abstract
In the paper the authors present the study of facts and trends in population settlement in regions of Russian Arctic Zone. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the location of the population in the Arctic Zone depends not only on the socio-economic development of the Arctic territories, but also on Russia’s geopolitical security. The authors considered population settlement from two interrelated positions: the process of a certain territory settling in the process of migration and the result of this process – the residents’ resettlement in regions. Some main indicators of the population settlement in regions completely or partially located in the Arctic were estimated. The authors proceeded from several hypotheses: firstly, socio-economic resource factors of population distribution become the most significant; secondly, Russia’s Arctic regions are poorly populated and their population continues to decline; thirdly, migration in Arctic regions is voluntary, it has an economic character and its direction changed depending on economic and social conditions; fourthly, Arctic settlements differ significantly from ones in other Russia’s territories; fifthly, problem-solving of the settlement population in the Arctic territories is the key to solving the problem of Russia’s development. The research made possible to confirm or disprove these hypotheses.
Highlights
The actuality of the research is determined by the following
Firstly, at the present stage of the development of society, the socio-economic resource factors of population distribution become the most significant, while the climatic and environmental factors ones retreat into the background;
In other regions partially located in the Arctic, population density is much lower on average for Russia but higher than population density in the territories completely located in the Arctic Zone
Summary
The theory and practice of the Arctic Zone development and management show unprecedented mixture of meanings and conditions. These theory and practice includes, on the one hand, successful experience of the USSR. Modern Russia on the Arctic Zone territories enjoys all these achievements These are other country achievements, in other borders, other geopolitics and another social structure. The reproduction of this experience in modern and foreseeable reality is impossible. Foreign experience of Arctic regions management which certainly, should be considered in respect of territories arrangement according to balance of economic efficiency and social comfort criteria.
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