Abstract
The political activism of current and former employees of the Central Intelligence Agency before and during the presidency of Donald Trump has been widely observed but not compared to previous episodes of politicization of intelligence by CIA personnel. Organizational cultural norms that long proscribed political activism by CIA employees eventually encouraged it. Societal trends account for some of the evolution, but much reflects purposeful engineering by President Barack Obama and his appointees. These changes, amplified by President Joe Biden, are likely to lead to renewed activism in the future—damaging national security and public confidence in the CIA.
Published Version
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