The political disintegration of Transoxiana under three eras of Uzbekids, Tsarists, Bolsheviks

Abstract

The area of Trasoxiana, despite its territorial-cultural and political continuity with Iran, after the Middle Ages had different fate. The most important distinguishing feature was that, contrary to the unity of political power in Iran, Trasoxiana was always faced with a plurality of power. Although it had experienced integration many times, but at the beginning of 10th A.H, we are no longer facing the repetition of this process, but this time should be the end of territorial integration. Over the course of four centuries, political and territorial division has gradually expanded and finally it was established in its most extensive form during the Soviet era. The main problem of this article is that, what were the reasons for the continuation and stabilization of the disintegration and failure of integration in the new era of the history of this land?Our initial response is that "the predominance of tribalism among the Uzbeks, the fear of the reaction of the great powers to the unified occupation of the region in the Tsarist era, the fear of the formation of a unified national identity and the exit from colonial rule in this period and the Bolshevik perpetuated political pluralism and even anti-centralism."