Abstract
Since the mid-1970s, the widespread establishment and implementation of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has led to remarkable achievements in controlling vaccine preventable diseases worldwide. Today, more children than ever are being reached with immunization. Interruption of poliomyelitis transmission has occurred in most countries; and measles was eliminated by the PAHO (Pan American Health Organization). With the establishment of EPI, there was a gradual shift in emphasis from vaccination campaign strategies using mobile teams to the delivery of immunization services as part of routine health services of health facilities. Both the campaign and the outreach strategies are nevertheless required to reach those segments of the population not reached by the routine health services and to accelerate the achievement of disease control initiatives such as polio eradication and measles elimination. The EPI requires longterm sustainable approaches to protect new cohorts of susceptible
Highlights
Since the mid-1970s, the widespread establishment and implementation of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has led to remarkable achievements in controlling vaccine preventable diseases worldwide
Interruption of poliomyelitis transmission has occurred in most countries; and measles was eliminated by the PAHO (Pan American Health Organization)
The wild polio outbreak appears to have been introduced into Tajikistan from India; the strains most resemble those from Uttar Pradesh, according to genetic typing [2]
Summary
The refined EPI-info in Guangxi has been designed to build a bridge between the political network outside the health sector and the public health care network, the immunization service in particular It covers the biologic factors for epidemiologic intervention (ie, immunization) and the social and organizational factors associated with inadequate political commitment and insufficient inputs from local governments (Table 2). In addition to the case-based epidemiologic data of the targeted diseases, the EPI-info in Guangxi is more focused on resource availability and commitments from local governments, including financial and human resources, capacity and system building, and strategies and processes to improve immunization services.
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