THE PLANTS OF CRYOLITHOZONE AS PERSPECTIVE PRODUCERS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Abstract

biogenic stimulants are substances produced under certain conditioner animal and plant tissue (4–8 °C in darkness for several days) and possessing biological activity. Similar processes of the formation of biologically active substances (bAS) — biostimulators, may occur in natural conditions, especially in the regions where plants experience long-term low temperature stress (cryolithic zone). The aim of our work was to study seasonal profiles of bAS accumulation of plant pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll) and fatty acids (fA) of the plants of Central and North-Eastern yakutia. The following species were investigated: Pinus sylvestris, Picea obovata, Larix cajanderi, Betula platyphylla, Duschekia fruticosa, Equisetum variegatum, E. scirpoides, Psathyrostachys juncea, Elymus sibiricus, Elytrigia repens, Bromopsis inermis, Avena sativa, Hordium vulgare, Eriophorum vaginatum. Pigment identification was performed by thin-layer chromatography, fA of lipids — using column chromatography. it was found that under long cold hardening the plants of cryolithic zone, particularly evergreen species and permanent grasses, significantly accumulate bAS, compared to summer period: carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, and other xanthophylls) and essential fA. in the conditions of sharply continental climate and permafrost, where there are no winter thawing, the aboveground organs of woody plants, first of all buds, needles, as well as grassy plants having gone under the snow in green state, durably preserve these substances. The plants of cryolithic zone may become a perspective source of bAS.