Abstract
Esophageal cancer remains one of the most severe malignancies in terms of overall survival despite the introduction of novel radiation regimens and chemotherapy agents. Many of the patients are diagnosed in advanced cases in which a multimodal treatment protocol is applied, finding the biomarkers that are involved in the resistance to neoadjuvant treatment could select the subgroup of patients that could be submitted either to surgical treatment or to an experimental drug trial. Hereby, we reviewed the potential biomarkers (immunohistochemical, blood-based, miRNA markers and gene expression profiling) that promised novel therapeutic pathways protocols.
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