Abstract
This study is aimed at assessing the psychometric properties and the factorial structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a clinical sample of children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic pain. Data of 482 participants (aged 8-21 years) from two crosssectional studies and a chronic pain services outpatient clinic were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis of PSQI component scores were performed. Relationships between the PSQI global score and various clinical measures were investigated to assess external validity. The findings exhibit the reliability and validity of a single-factor model of the PSQI in a clinical sample of youth with chronic pain and support the relationship in this specific population between poor sleep quality and important clinical measures of well-being. These results support an informed decision regarding its use with this specific population and underscore the clinical relevance of assessing sleep quality.
Highlights
Chronic pain is a prevalent issue in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA), often presenting with important problems in daily functioning [1]
Results showed that the EFA supported a single-factor model, a result that was further confirmed by a CFA
External validity was demonstrated as the results showed that Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores correlated with other symptoms such as age, pain intensity, functional disability, and symptoms of anxiety and depression
Summary
Chronic pain is a prevalent issue in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA), often presenting with important problems in daily functioning [1]. Sleep quality in this specific population has been shown to be associated with age [4], pain intensity [5], functional disability [6], and symptoms of anxiety and depression [5,6,7,8,9]. These findings suggest that the impact of poor sleep quality on CAYA living with chronic pain is significant. The PSQI is a 19-item questionnaire that was developed and initially validated in adults by Buysse et al [11] to assess sleep quality over the previous month, yielding a global score that facilitates score comparison between groups or individuals over time
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