The phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of fluid extracts of Galium verum L. herb

Abstract

Aim. To obtain and study the qualitative composition and the content of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) of fluid extracts (FEs) of Galium verum L. herb and to assess their antibacterial activity.Materials and methods. FEs of Galium verum L. herb were obtained by three-fold water extraction or ethanol (20 %, 60 %, 96 %) extraction of the raw material when heating, followed by the concentration of the combined extracts. Phenolic compounds of FEs were studied by the methods of paper and thin-layer chromatography, and spectrophotometry. The content of polysaccharides was determined gravimetrically. The antibacterial activity of FEs was determined in vitro by the agar diffusion method.Results and discussion. The chromatographic study of FEs of Galium verum L. herb revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid and rutin in all FEs, the fluid 96 % ethanol extract contains chlorogenic acid, cyanoside, quercetin and rutin. Hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and the amount of phenolic compounds were quantified in all extracts, and polysaccharides were determined in the aqueous extract and 20 % ethanol extract. When studying the antimicrobial activity of FEs it has been found that the fluid 96 % ethanol extract exhibits the highest activity. Bacillus subtilis was the most susceptible to all the extracts under study. Proteus vulgaris showed insignificant sensitivity to the test concentration of fluid extracts obtained with water and 60 % ethanol. The rest of the microorganism test strains used were sufficiently sensitive to the FEs under study.Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the prospects of further in-depth study of the antimicrobial activity of fluid extracts of Galium verum L. herb in order to develop antibacterial agents on their basis.