Abstract
The release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from consumer products into an environment has become a central issue for many countries. Despite that the fate and behaviors of AgNPs incorporated into a wastewater have been investigated by building a model of wastewater treatment process, the transport and retention behaviors of AgNPs influenced by the water flow in a river must be understood. The physical model of simulated river to mimic a natural flow of river was proposed to investigate the behaviors of AgNP transport in the river. The results showed that the large amount of AgNPs deposited on the riverbed as Ag sediment with only 1.26% of AgNPs remained in the water flow. The elemental content of Ag freely dispersed across the riverbed increases from the upstream to downstream area of the simulated river. Verification of the spatial distribution of Ag dispersed along the water flow may contribute to a better understanding of the fate and transport of AgNPs in the aquatic environment.
Highlights
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that are usually considered as an engineered nanomaterial have been used in a wide range of industrial applications due to the physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial effects of AgNPs could be effective against many types of microorganisms [1, 2]
AgNP toxicity to certain freshwater fish species mediated by dissolved silver can bind the cultured fish gill cells leading to decrease in the tolerance of such freshwater fish to hypoxic conditions [7] and to an Journal of Chemistry increase in the susceptibility to oxidative stress in the gills of brown trout [8]. e toxicity of AgNP-contaminated water in freshwater fish can lead to an increase in the vulnerability of the brain antioxidant enzyme system of the Nile tilapia and redbelly tilapia [9]. e toxic effect of AgNPs on rayfinned fish can increase the level of liver glycogen and leads to an enlargement of fish muscle fibers [10]
A number of studies have been conducted in the context of modeling the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processes to investigate the fate and behaviors of AgNPs in wastewater [13, 15], which probably have distinctive behaviors of water compared to the natural flow of a river. is study aims to investigate the mechanism of AgNP transport that both the water flow and riverbed of the river system play a role in the understanding of retention and mobility mechanisms of AgNPs in the natural flow of water. e study was limited to the use of a simulated river system with a slope of 5.7° aimed to mimic the natural flow of water at flow rate of 0.8 L/min to advance an understanding of the fate and transport of AgNPs material in the environment
Summary
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that are usually considered as an engineered nanomaterial have been used in a wide range of industrial applications due to the physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial effects of AgNPs could be effective against many types of microorganisms [1, 2]. 78.0 mg/L with an average of 77.3 mg/L (see Figure 2(d), line-ii) which could be due to the presence of AgNPs at a certain concentration in water, and the water flowing through the simulated river contributing to a release of clay mineral particles caused by both chemical dissolution and mechanical deterioration may lead to an increase in the TDS value by 8.2%.
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