The Photo Manipulation from the Perspective of Photographers: Study from Jordan

Abstract

From both positive and negative perspectives, photo manipulation has an impact on all areas of photography. Although the effect of photo manipulation is a personal matter, the effect of its application is reflected in the type of audience that consumes the image. Therefore, the research aims to study photographers' understanding of image manipulation and its ethics, in addition to identifying image manipulation techniques from the photographers' professional point of view. A total of 228 responses were obtained using the online questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that photographers consider photo manipulation as one of the elements responsible for losing the credibility of photography and the image. However, the respondents agreed that unethical photo manipulation is an issue of increasing importance in the photography community, and they identified the need for ethical conduct in all genres of photography in order to reduce wrong practices. The results also show that manipulation techniques that do not harm the content of image are acceptable to photographers.