THE PHILOSOPHY OF DIALOGUE AND COEXISTENCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE TORAH, THE GOSPEL AND THE HOLY QUR’AN: PRESENTATION AND CRITICISM

Abstract

The researcher sought to study the nature of the dialogue of religions and what are its reasons and objectives and its relationship to coexistence, and then clarify the dialogue of religions in the Torah, the Bible and the Holy Quran. Among the most prominent results obtained through the study is that the issue of interfaith dialogue is found in some texts of the Torah and is inconsistent with other Jewish biblical rulings that call for peoples' discord and differentiation and incite against peoples. The Jews, their personality and their history are incompatible with the issue of dialogue. The issue of interreligious dialogue is not incompatible with the Bible. On the contrary, the Bible emphasized the principle of dialogue with others, defined its etiquette, and sought to overcome social, political and religious barriers. The most prominent forms of dialogue in Christianity are: the dialogue of coexistence and the dialogue of missionary (evangelization). As for the position of the Holy Qur’an on dialogue and the principle of coexistence, it has a positive role. There are explicit texts indicating the legitimacy of religious dialogue, its conditions and etiquette, and that the dialogue of religions in the Qur’an has four levels as follows (calling, arguing, mubahala, and disavowal)