Abstract

Previous research has recognized the critical role of micro-level innovative actions in promoting macro-level institutional change. However, this research has not fully acknowledged that the formation of these initial innovative actions might include several phases with distinct actors and interests contributing to these actions during these phases to varying degrees. Instead, there is a presumption that some actors orchestrate these institutional innovation processes from beginning to end, although this needs not be the case. Our longitudinal case study of the Finnish paper industry suggests that the initial innovative actions that later lead to field-level institutional change may emerge as a result of joint actions by several actors that dominate the different phases of the innovative action. When acting in concert, these successive phases and the different actors involved together provide a platform for a new field-level template that was not originally targeted by any of the actors. New institutional...

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