Abstract
Empirical investigations regarding tourists' safety-related responses to warning messages in natural recreational leisure settings are scarce. Through three online experiments with recreational scenarios, several findings emerged. First, strong (vs. weak) warning messages led to greater safety behavior (compliance and participation). Second, warning messages sequentially mediated safety behavior (compliance and participation) through threat appraisal and problem-focused coping. Warning messages also affected safety compliance, but not safety participation, via the sequential mediation of threat appraisal and emotion-focused coping. Third, other tourists' safety (vs. risky) behavior positively reinforced warning messages' roles in problem-focused coping and safety behavior; no significant moderating effect manifested between warning messages and emotion-focused coping. Understanding safety messages' persuasive effects can help destination management organizations control tourists' behavior.
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