Abstract
Five spacecraft of the European Space Agency have carried instruments to study the earth's magnetosphere. Selected results on magnetic field configuration, boundary plasma layers and solar particle entry to the magnetosphere are reviewed. The 1977–79 missions of GEOS (the first purely scientific geostationary spacecraft) and of the ISEE A, B and C ESA/NASA cooperation (resolving space-time ambiquities) will be described. Results from the highly successful ESRO 4 atmospheric neutral mass spectrometer will be presented - in particular the relationships between the neutral atmosphere and geomagnetic activity. Possible ESA atmospheric science contributions to early Spacelab payloads will be outlined.
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