Abstract
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) plays a vital role in plant phosphate acquisition and utilization, as well as cell wall synthesis and redox reactions. In this study, comprehensive comparative analyses of PAP genes were carried out using the integration of phylogeny, chromosomal localization, intron/exon structural characteristics, and expression profiling. It was shown that the number of introns of the PAP genes, which were distributed unevenly on 12 chromosomes, ranged from 1 to 12. These findings pointed to the existence of complex structures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PAPs from tomato, rice, and Arabidopsis could be divided into three groups (Groups I, II, and III). It was assumed that the diversity of these PAP genes occurred before the monocot–dicot split. RNA-seq analysis revealed that most of the genes were expressed in all of the tissues analyzed, with the exception of SlPAP02, SlPAP11, and SlPAP14, which were not detected. It was also found that expression levels of most of the SlPAP gene family of members were changed under phosphorus stress conditions, suggesting potential functional diversification. The findings of this work will help us to achieve a better insight into the function of SlPAP genes in the future, as well as enhance our understanding of their evolutionary relationships in plants.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P), a key macronutrient, is required for plant growth and development
It was observed that the lengths of the amino acid sequences of the candidate SlPAPs differed, ranging from 426 aa (SlPAP15) to 649 aa (SlPAP04), with an MW ranging from 47.9 kDa (SlPAP15) to 73.0 kDa (SlPAP04), and the pI varied from 5.80 (SlPAP15) to 8.22 (SlPAP21)
The Euk-mPLoc 2.0 online tool was adopted to determine the subcellular localizations of the SlPAP proteins
Summary
Phosphorus (P), a key macronutrient, is required for plant growth and development. It plays an important role in energy transfer and metabolic regulation, but is is a known important structural constituent of many biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, and protein [1]. Due to the P fixation of organic compounds and free Fe or Al oxides, the P concentration levels in soil solutions are often low For this reason, low P availability can pose major constraints on plant growth and development [2,3]. Plant PAPs hydrolyzed phosphoric acid esters and anhydrides with an optimal pH from 4 to 7 Based on their molecular masses, they can be divided into two groups: small PAPs (i.e., monomeric proteins with molecular masses of approximately 35 kDa, structurally similar to PAPs from mammalian); and large PAPs (i.e., homodimeric proteins with a single polypeptide of approximately 55 kDa; these generally have two conservation domains, and are more closely homologous to enzymes from fungi and mycobacteria) [8]
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