Abstract
The Palace site in Des Moines, Iowa, is an exceptionally well-preserved, multi-component Middle Archaic site with evidence for house basins. The main components of the Palace site had repeated occupations (6175 ± 25 B.P. to 5885 ± 15 B.P.) and evidence for multi-season occupation and reutilization. The Palace site appears to be the western periphery of phenomena associated with Eastern Middle Archaic sites: the appearance of substantial house basins occupied multi-season and repeatedly, a mixed diet based on deer and riverine resources, and an abundance of large ground stone tools. Comparisons with other Middle Archaic sites suggest house basins are broadly associated with Hypsithermal warming, but this association is tenuous, different regions appear to adapt house basins under different climatic conditions. Similar sites might exist in large river valleys throughout the Plains, but these sites are probably difficult to locate archaeologically.
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