Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of expanding human settlements in the Everglades and along the south Florida coast during the Archaic period. Evidence of wetland ponds and a possible Middle Archaic site is presented. Adaptation to South Florida's unique wetlands environment was established by 5000 BP. The prehistoric settlement patterns of the Archaic period are discussed in the context of an emerging Everglades. An analysis of zooarchaeological remains and the Archaic tool kit is summarized. Solution hole burials, a unique mortuary custom in North America, are discussed in detail, as are midden burials—both typical mortuary patterns of Miami-Dade's Archaic period. The discoveries at newly documented Late Archaic sites are reported including solution hole cemeteries at Santa Maria and Atlantis along Biscayne Bay, and cemeteries associated with sandy knolls in the eastern Everglades.
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