Abstract
BackgroundThe polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24, is positively regulated by the GacS-GacA two-component system.ResultsHere we reported on the characterization of DsbA1 (disulfide oxidoreductase) as novel regulator of biocontrol activity in P. fluorescens. Our data showed that mutation of dsbA1 caused the accumulation of 2,4-DAPG in a GacA-independent manner. Further analysis indicated that DsbA1 interacts with membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase Gcd, which positively regulates the production of 2,4-DAPG. Mutation of cysteine (C)-235, C275, and C578 of Gcd, significantly reduced the interaction with DsbA1, enhanced the activity of Gcd and increased 2,4-DAPG production.ConclusionsOur results suggest that DsbA1 regulates the 2,4-DAPG concentration via fine-tuning the function of Gcd in P. fluorescens 2P24.
Highlights
The polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24, is positively regulated by the GacS-GacA two-component system
We demonstrated that the protein disulfide oxidoreductase dsbA1 gene negatively regulated the production of 2,4-DAPG by fine-tuning the function of glucose dehydrogenase (Gcd) in P. fluorescens 2P24
Further analysis indicated that three cysteine residues, C235, C275, and C578 in Gcd were required for the interaction between DsbA1 and Gcd
Summary
The polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24, is positively regulated by the GacS-GacA two-component system. The biosynthesis of 2,4-DAPG is influenced by many global regulatory elements in response to the physiological status of the bacterial cell or environmental factors. The Gac/Rsm signal transduction system positively regulates the production of 2,4-DAPG and other secondary metabolites by fine-turning the output of the Rsm system [12]. Many sigma factors, such as RpoD, RpoS, and RpoN, may profoundly influence 2,4DAPG synthesis in response to environmental cues [13,14,15]. 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis in P. fluorescens 2P24 is negatively affected by sucrose, but positively regulated by glucose [17]
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