Abstract
Fungi and fungal community play important roles in the soil ecosystem, and the diversity of fungal community could act as natural antagonists of various plant pathogens. Biological control is a promising method to protect plants as chemical pesticides may cause environment pollution. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 had strong inhibitory on Rastonia solanacearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, etc., and was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere take-all decline soils in Shandong province, China. However, its potential effect on soil fungal community was still unknown. In this study, the gfp-labeled P. fluorescens 2P24 was inoculated into cucumber rhizosphere, and the survival of 2P24 was monitored weekly. The amount decreased from 108 to 105 CFU/g dry soils. The effect of 2P24 on soil fungal community in cucumber rhizosphere was investigated using T-RFLP and DGGE. In T-RFLP analysis, principle component analysis showed that the soil fungal community was greatly influenced at first, digested with restriction enzyme Hinf I and Taq I. However, there was little difference as digested by different enzymes. DGGE results demonstrated that the soil fungal community was greatly shocked at the beginning, but it recovered slowly with the decline of P. fluorescens 2P24. Four weeks later, there was little difference between the treatment and control. Generally speaking, the effect of P. fluorescens 2P24 on soil fungal community in cucumber rhizosphere was just transient.
Highlights
Fungi play important roles in soil ecosystem as major decomposers of plant residues, releasing nutrients that sustain and stimulate plant growth in the process [1,2]
The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil microorganisms mass correlate with the soil water content [38], and it has been proved that 19% of soil water content was most suitable for plant growth and the activities of soil microorganisms [39]
Our results showed that the inoculation of P. fluorescens 2P24 had a significant effect on the soil fungal community at first
Summary
Fungi play important roles in soil ecosystem as major decomposers of plant residues, releasing nutrients that sustain and stimulate plant growth in the process [1,2]. Knowledge of the structure and diversity of the fungal community in the plant rhizosphere will lead to a better understanding of pathogen-antagonist interactions [6]. As traditional methods have many pitfalls, culture-independent methods show great potential in monitoring shifts or diversity of microbial community in a variety of environmental samples, such as Phospholipid Fatty Acid analysis (PLFA), Fatty Acid Methyl Ester profile (FAME), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA), Denaturing/Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE/TGGE), Single Strand Configuration Polymorphism (SSCP), Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA), etc. T-RFLP and DGGE are two most widely used and effective methods in analyzing the spatial and temporal shifts of microbial community. In this study, the combination of the two methods would give a better understanding of the soil fungal community in cucumber rhizosphere
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