The origin of the continuum of Active Galactic Nuclei

Abstract

The high-energy continuum of active galactic nuclei can be interpreted by nonthermal models in which electron-positron pairs play a crucial role. The produced primary γ-rays interact with softer photons in the inner, high photon density regions of the source. The created pairs are relativistic, and contribute to the emission, especially in the X-ray band. When the photon density is large enough, therefore for large values of the luminosity-to size ratio, the spectrum produced by the reprocessing due to pairs is predicted to have a characteristic spectral index of one. This power law continuum partly impinges on cold matter, possibly in an accretion disk. The resulting Compton reflected radiation contributes to the X-ray emission, and the predicted overall spectrum is in agreement with the observed shape of the high-energy continuum. The proposed model is easily testable: observations in the hard—X-ray band above (30÷50) keV are crucial to discriminate these nonthermal models against thermal ones.