Abstract
Our original intent was to explain the origin of large HI structures. In order to understand HI structures, however, it is first necessary to understand the origin of both galaxies and galaxy clusters. Explaining their origin is the purpose of Part 1 of this work. In our new model of cosmology, the creation of protons during nucleosynthesis was regulated by an imprint embedded in the vacuum in a manner that eventually resulted in the cosmic structures we now observe. Immediately after nucleosynthesis and for a considerable period afterward, the evolution was dominated by the expansion of the universe. Gradually, gravitational influences became important until eventually, the two became equal. At that point, the structures ceased to increase in size, and thereafter, their evolution was dominated by the gravitational interaction of the particles. The zero-velocity point for galaxies and galaxy clusters occurred at the usually accepted time of the beginning of galaxy formation. The initial population of stars also started their compaction at that same time but, in this case, partially for reasons having to do with the temperature of the proton gas. Many details of the evolution of the structure are discussed. We discuss the equilibrium of galaxy clusters and present a model that can potentially account for the present-day energy of the intracluster gas. Another outcome is that, at the time when the galaxies reached their zero-velocity point, they were several times larger than their present-day size, a fact that is critical for understanding the origin of the larger HI rings. In Part 2 of this work, we show that the HI structures can readily be understood in terms of the model developed here.
Highlights
Our original concept was a paper limited to the problem of the HI rings but understanding rings requires an understanding of the origin of everything else, especially of galaxies and galaxy clusters so, as sometimes happens, a single paper of limited scope has grown into two papers covering a wider range of topics
In our new model of cosmology, the creation of protons during nucleosynthesis was regulated by an imprint embedded in the vacuum in a manner that eventually resulted in the cosmic structures we observe
The conclusion is that some organizing principle must have been in play from the very beginning and in [1], we proposed a new model of cosmology that expresses that idea
Summary
Our original concept was a paper limited to the problem of the HI rings but understanding rings requires an understanding of the origin of everything else, especially of galaxies and galaxy clusters so, as sometimes happens, a single paper of limited scope has grown into two papers covering a wider range of topics. They all came into existence with roughly their final mass and basic morphology and while compaction played a major role in the evolution of the structures, the original size of the structures was set by the imprint Additional evidence for this model follows from the discovery of the galaxy, ZN-z11 [3] with a redshift of z = 11.1 . Returning to the original question that started this discussion, the universe did not begin with a uniform distribution of matter Instead, it began with an inflation during which a complete blueprint of all the cosmic structures was imprinted on the vacuum. Compactions and interactions continued to modify the details but, on the whole, such processes were of secondary importance relative to the original definitions of the structures
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
