Abstract
Apple trees of the McIntosh Red variety were sprayed at about the time of full bloom in 1939 and 1940. The origin and structure of the resultant russet tissue is described. The first apparent injury is a browning of the epidermal cells at the base of the hairs. The growth of these browned cells is inhibited and, owing to this, cracks occur as the fruit enlarges. Adjacent hypodermal and cortical tissue is exposed and killed. Cork cambiums and cork are formed in the cortex. This cork is different in origin from normal russet cork, which originates in the epidermis. The further enlargement of the fruit causes the cracks to multiply, extend tangentially, and deepen. All tissues external to the innermost point of fissure penetration become killed. The final scurf-like patches of scar tissue are a mixture of dead epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, cork, and cork cambiums. This scar tissue is not true cork.
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