The order of law-based vs. rules-based: The competition in space order between China and the United States

Abstract

China has attempted to build a law-based order in the emerging strategic space competition that is distinct from the US rules-based order. This article examines China’s law-based order and compares it with the US rules-based order. The article also explores how China has competed with the US in the reconstruction of the order in space and the consequences of this competition. The article argues that it will contribute to the stability and peace of the international space order during the transition period if the US accommodates China’s proposal for a space order based on international law. From this perspective, the rules of both countries can coexist. In order to achieve the coexistence of their respective rules, the two countries should sit down to discuss and strictly implement a consensus on a transparency and confidence-building mechanism (TCBMs)in outer space within the framework of effective multilateralism.