Abstract
Abstract We discuss experimental facts and theoretical models of the isovector M1 response in nuclei. The three isospin components ( T 2 = −1, 0, 1), orbital and spin components are identified and introduced by isospin decomposition of the nuclear M1 operator. Microscopic descriptions of the low-lying orbital ΔT 2 = 0 excitation are given. The collective interpretation of this mode is discussed in some detail with the conclusion that though it is an isovector rotational oscillation, a small but important shape vibrational admixture is present, allowing rotation without separation of the proton and neutron densities, in contrast to the scissors mode visualization.
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