Abstract
Increased morphological variability by acute gamma irradiation can facilitate the development of Aglaonema characteristics to meet the market’s demand. To maximize the variability of Aglaonema traits, the optimal dose of gamma irradiation was examined. First, the stems of Aglaonema were irradiated with gamma ray using doses ranged from 1 to 7 Gy. The results revealed that the median growth rate reduction (GR50) was 3.25 Gy and the median lethal dose (LD50) was 4.5 Gy. Morphological changes in the M1V2 generation gave the highest percentage rate at 35% when the Aglaonema was exposed to 3 Gy. The leaf morphological characteristics that changed from most to least were color, size, and shape, respectively. In addition, the effect of Aglaonema cultivars on morphological changes was examined by acute irradiation at 3 Gy to Aglaonema 'Anyamanidaeng', 'Kwakthong', and 'Laksap'. Rates of morphological change in each cultivar were varied but the average rate was 60%. When considering the irregularities in shape and color in M1V2 generation, severe changes were observed in the 1st leaf but the altered morphology was stable in the 3rd leaf. The mutagenic effectiveness was found at an average rate of 14%. Then the plants with changes in leaf size and leaf color were used for leaf surface analysis. Some of the selected plants were altered in size of stomata and size of guard cells; however, the density of the stomata changed in all of them. Therefore, 3 Gy was the optimum dose to induce the Aglaonema morphological changes at the highest rate.
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