Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus identified as the cause of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The gold standard for detecting this virus is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The electrochemical biosensor method can be an alternative method for detecting several biomolecules, such as viruses, because it is proven to have several advantages, including portability, good sensitivity, high specificity, fast response, and ease of use. This study aims to optimize an electrochemical aptasensor using an AuNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with an aptamer to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2. Aptasensors with the streptavidin-biotin system were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface via covalent bonding with linkers to 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and electrochemically characterized by the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system using differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the immobilized aptamer on the SPCE/AuNP electrode surface experienced a decrease in current from 11.388 to 4.623 µA. The experimental conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design for the three factors that affect the current response. The results of the optimization of the three parameters are the concentration of aptamer, incubation time of aptamer, and incubation time of RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2, each of which is 0.5 µg/mL, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes, respectively. The RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 with various concentrations was tested on an electrochemical aptasensor to determine the detection limit and quantification limit, and the respective results were 2.63 and 7.97 ng/mL. The electrochemical aptasensor that has been developed in this study can be applied to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 biomarker in a simple, practical, and sensitive way.
Highlights
SARS-CoV-2 is a positive single-strand RNA virus with a size of 29.9 kb, which is responsible for the COVID-19 disease
The S protein consists of two functional subunits, namely the S1 subunit, which is responsible for attaching the virus to receptors on the host cell surface via the receptorbinding domain (RBD), and the S2 subunit, which is responsible for the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell to facilitate the entry of the virus into the host cell [3,4]
A label-free electrochemical aptasensor for detection of RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 has been presented as a potential approach for COVID-19 diagnosis
Summary
SARS-CoV-2 is a positive single-strand RNA virus with a size of 29.9 kb, which is responsible for the COVID-19 disease. The RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a prime target for diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination [5]. There are several types of methods used to detect SARS-CoV-2, such as molecular tests based on detection of viral RNA, antigen tests based on detection of viral proteins, and antibody tests based on detection of specific antibodies against viral proteins. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA. Detection methods targeting antibodies based on Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) are not suitable for early diagnosis because most patients have antibody responses around 7 to 21 days after infection [7,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
