The optical conductivity in double and three layer graphene systems

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the longitudinal optical conductivity in few-layer monolayer graphene systems, which is different from the bilayer or trilayer graphene structures analytically and numerically. Here, few isolated parallel two-dimensional (2D) monolayer graphene are separated by a distance d with no interlayer tunneling, where the finite width thickness has to be taken into account. The carrier׳s energy structure and states for each layer are unaffected by the others. The carrier density in each layer is assumed to be tuned by the corresponding gate voltage. The optical conductivity depends on the electron density, the number of layer, and the broadening width at low temperature. However, analytical and numerical results show that the optical conductivity has little dependence on the distance between the adjacent layers. It is found that two intra- and inter-band transition channels for optical transition via absorption scattering in each layer can be observed. When the optical energy is larger than two times the kinetic energy at the Fermi energy, the optical conductivity is proportional to the layer numbers of monolayer graphene that can determine the number of the monolayer graphene layer. In sharp contrast to the bilayer or trilayer graphene systems, several turning points can be observed. Increasing the broadening width, the turning area becomes gradual. The main difference on the optical conductivity for double layer graphene and bilayer graphene is in the intermediate energy region where the threshold structure is observed.