Abstract
The Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), completed by the Bush administration in early January 2002, sets out perceptions of military threats to the United States and the role of nuclear weapons in upholding US national security. In early March, excerpts from the classified report were leaked to the press. The extracts included alleged new and disturbing developments in US nuclear policy, such as a new targeting policy that would allow for the use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states, and consideration of the pre-emptive launch of nuclear weapons to counter the use of chemical or biological weapons against the US. In addition, reports suggested that the Bush administration was preparing to develop a new generation of nuclear weapons to fulfil a wider variety of purposes, resume nuclear testing, and deepen the integration of nuclear and non-nuclear weaponry in US force planning as one part of what the NPR refers to as a 'New Triad'.
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