Abstract
Recently, nanocarriers have been made to eliminate the disadvantages of chemotherapeutic agents by nanocarriers. Nanocarriers show their efficacy through their targeted and controlled release. In this study, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was loaded into ruthenium (Ru)-based nanocarrier (5FU-RuNPs) for the first time to eliminate the disadvantages of 5FU, and its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were compared with free 5FU. 5FU-RuNPs with a size of approximately 100nm showed a 2.61-fold higher cytotoxic effect compared to free 5FU. Apoptotic cells were detected by Hoechst/propidium iodide double staining, and the expression levels of BAX/Bcl-2 and p53 proteins, in which apoptosis occurred intrinsically, were revealed. In addition, 5FU-RuNPs was also found to reduce multidrug resistance (MDR) according to BCRP/ABCG2 gene expression levels. When all the results were evaluated, the fact that Ru-based nanocarriers alone did not cause cytotoxicity proved that they were ideal nanocarriers. Moreover, 5FU-RuNPs did not show any significant effect on the cell viability of normal human epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B. Consequently, the 5FU-RuNPs synthesized for the first time may be ideal candidates for cancer treatment because they can minimize the potential drawbacks of free 5FU.
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