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Abstract
Abstract. The core version of the Norwegian Climate Center's Earth System Model, named NorESM1-M, is presented. The NorESM family of models are based on the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, but differs from the latter by, in particular, an isopycnic coordinate ocean model and advanced chemistry–aerosol–cloud–radiation interaction schemes. NorESM1-M has a horizontal resolution of approximately 2° for the atmosphere and land components and 1° for the ocean and ice components. NorESM is also available in a lower resolution version (NorESM1-L) and a version that includes prognostic biogeochemical cycling (NorESM1-ME). The latter two model configurations are not part of this paper. Here, a first-order assessment of the model stability, the mean model state and the internal variability based on the model experiments made available to CMIP5 are presented. Further analysis of the model performance is provided in an accompanying paper (Iversen et al., 2013), presenting the corresponding climate response and scenario projections made with NorESM1-M.
Highlights
In the following, the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) is presented
The atmospheric module is modified with chemistry–aerosol–cloud– radiation interaction schemes developed for the Oslo version of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4-Oslo; Kirkevag et al, 2013)
Climatology Project (GPCP) data (Adler et al, 2003), but NorESM and Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) are linked to aerosols and the tuning this value was claimed to be an underestimate by Trenberth of cloud properties
Summary
The Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) is presented. NorESM is a nationally coordinated effort, building on the heritage of the research project RegClim (1997–2006; Iversen, 2008), the development of the Bergen Climate Model (BCM; Furevik et al, 2003; Otteraet al., 2009, 2010) at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research in Bergen, and aerosol–cloud–radiation interaction schemes developed in Oslo (Seland et al, 2008; Storelvmo et al, 2006; Kirkevag et al, 2008b; Kristjansson et al, 2005; Hoose et al, 2009). The HAMburg Ocean Carbon Cycle (HAMOCC) model developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg (Maier-Reimer, 1993; Maier-Reimer et al, 2005), adapted to an isopycnic ocean model framework, constitutes the core of the biogeochemical ocean module in NorESM (Tjiputra et al, 2010). In this way NorESM adds to the much desired climate model diversity, and to the hierarchy of models participating in phase 5 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5; Moss et al, 2010; Taylor et al, 2012).
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