Abstract
In brief The no-panic syndromes probably account for more deaths in breath-hold dives than any other cause. The primary characteristic of the nopanic syndromes is the rapid loss of consciousness under water without warning, panic, or a struggle for air. This article reviews the pathophysiology of blackout and lists more than a dozen etiologies. It is important to determine the cause of every underwater blackout so that the diver can be treated properly.
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