Abstract

Abstract
 The aim of this paper is to analyze the new integration conditions of developing countries into the international division of labor, taking into account the changes that it has undergone over the past three decades. It is a problematic that fits into the double logic of internalization economies striving to anchor since the 1980’s. On the one hand, we are witnessing the configuration of regional blocs, free trade areas and the growing economies globalization embodying the abolition of frontiers and allowing the more and freer international location of firms, on the other hand. We will try to explain, theoretically, how globalization has tended to rely on the conquest of specific skills rather than the exploitation of common factors obeying the logic of comparative advantage based on low production costs. On one side, the diffusion of technology leads to a restructuring process of international production systems following a selective basis, striking- first-the countries with natural endowments. On the other side, the specialization acquired by industrial countries on specific skills is permanent and combined with comparative advantages recoveries in sectors deemed unmarked according to the product life cycle theory, or unskilled labor-intensive following to the neo-factorial international trade developments.
 Keywords: Competitiveness, integration, technological transfer, technological advantages.
 
 

Highlights

  • We will try to explain, theoretically, how globalization has tended to rely on the conquest of specific skills rather than the exploitation of common factors obeying the logic of comparative advantage based on low production costs

  • The specialization acquired by industrial countries on specific skills is permanent and is combined with recoveries of comparative advantages in sectors deemed unmarked according to the theory of the life cycle of the product, or unskilled laborintensive according to the neo-factor developments of international trade

  • We have analyzed in this essay the new constraints of international integration which the developing countries are facing

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Summary

Introduction

We will try to explain, theoretically, how globalization has tended to rely on the conquest of specific skills rather than the exploitation of common factors obeying the logic of comparative advantage based on low production costs. The impact of technological change develops new aspects of productive processes decomposition; the criterion of decomposition is no longer limited to the simple restriction of costs, but rather to the access to specific factors controlling necessary knowledge blocks, the countries provided with the only low-cost abundant labor advantages and natural resources are discarded from multinational. Multinational firms-which represent the common thread of the geographical and sectorial orientation of international trade - are looking for the exploitation of the specific skills and not merely the generic combination of factors, calling into question the classical theories of international trade supposing the irreversibility of specializations These new criteria for delocalization are likely to represent a serious threat to some emerging economies which may lose their comparative advantages even in low cost abundant labor areas.

Determinants of international competitiveness
Conclusion
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