The Negative Bidirectional Interaction Between Climate Change and the Prevalence and Care of Liver Disease: A Joint BSG, BASL, EASL, and AASLD Commentary

Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Where Are We?

The role of the gut microbiome in chronic liver disease: the clinical evidence revised.

Combined alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Liquid biomarkers for fibrotic NASH – progress in a complex field

Common Genetic Variants and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Changing Epidemiology of Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy

Ferritin, metabolic syndrome and NAFLD: Elective attractions and dangerous liaisons

Statins in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in the Presence of Elevated Liver Aminotransferase Levels: A Therapeutic Dilemma

Yet more evidence that MAFLD is more than a name change

Toward an Improved Definition of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the major reason for abnormal liver function in the Western world, is associated with obesity and diabetes and is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). IR is regulated by mediators released from cells of the immune system or adipocytes and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The importance of TNFα in human and animal fatty liver diseases, both caused by genetic manipulation and overnutrition, has been shown convincingly. Furthermore, neutralization of TNFα activity improves IR and fatty liver disease in animals. Adiponectin is a potent TNFα-neutralizing and anti-inflammatory adipokine and in vitro and experimental animal studies have proven the importance of this mediator in counteracting inflammation and IR. Anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are exerted both by suppressing TNFα synthesis and by induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 or interleukin-1–receptor antagonist. Therefore, the balance between various mediators, either derived from the immune system or adipose tissue, appears to play an important role in hepatic and systemic insulin action and in the development of fatty liver disease.

Contribution of metabolic factors to alanine aminotransferase activity in persons with other causes of liver disease

Lean Fatty Liver Disease: Through Thick and Thin

Referral pathways for NAFLD fibrosis in primary care – No longer a ‘needle in a haystack’