Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was discovered in 1974 and impacted Raman spectroscopy and surface science. Although SERS has not been developed to be an applicable detection tool so far, nanotechnology has promoted its development in recent decades. The traditional SERS substrates, such as silver electrode, metal island film, and silver colloid, cannot be applied because of their enhancement factor or stability, but newly developed substrates, such as electrochemical deposition surface, Ag porous film, and surface-confined colloids, have better sensitivity and stability. Surface enhanced Raman scattering is applied in other fields such as detection of chemical pollutant, biomolecules, DNA, bacteria, and so forth. In this paper, the development of nanofabrication and application of surface-enhanced Ramans scattering substrate are discussed.
Highlights
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has not been developed to be an applicable detection tool so far, nanotechnology has promoted its development in recent decades
Surface enhanced Raman Scattering was discovered by Fleischmann et al in 1974 as a phenomenon where the intensity of Raman spectrum from pyridine adsorbed on a silver electrode is extrodinarily enhanced [1, 2]
The discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering made Raman scattering more applicable in a wide range of research fields, while the interest and attention focused on the mechanism of SERS promotes the development of the theory on enhanced optical scattering from metal surface [5,6,7]
Summary
Surface enhanced Raman Scattering was discovered by Fleischmann et al in 1974 as a phenomenon where the intensity of Raman spectrum from pyridine adsorbed on a silver electrode is extrodinarily enhanced [1, 2]. The discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering made Raman scattering more applicable in a wide range of research fields, while the interest and attention focused on the mechanism of SERS promotes the development of the theory on enhanced optical scattering from metal surface [5,6,7]. The phenomenon-surface enhanced Raman scattering is obvious in only silver, gold, and copper, so the research and application of SERS ares limited. The chemical enhancement is caused by a resonance Raman-like process associated with charge transfer between the analyte molecule and the metal surface and always contributes an enhancement factor of 100. The research about surface enhanced Raman scattering revived in 1977, with the reported progress that Kneipp, Nie, and their coworkers brought SERS into the level of single molecule detection [20,21,22,23]. The estimated SERS enhancement at hotspots reaches up to 14 orders, much higher than the enhancement factor achieved before; the result pushed research on SERS into a new era
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