The molecular and crystal structure of dextrans: A combined electron and X-ray diffraction study: II. A low temperature, hydrated polymorph

Abstract

The crystal and molecular structure of a dextran hydrate has been determined through combined electron and X-ray diffraction analysis, aided by stereochemical model refinement. A total of 65 hk0 electron diffraction intensities were measured on frozen single crystals held at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, to a resolution limit of 1.6 Å. The X-ray intensities were measured from powder patterns recorded from collections of the single crystals. The structure crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell with parameters a = 25.71 A ̊ , b = 10.21 A ̊ , c ( chain axis) = 7.76 A ̊ and β = 91.3 °. The space group is P2 1 with b axis unique. The unit cell contains six chains and eight water molecules, with three chains of the same polarity and four water molecules constituting the asymmetric unit. Along the chain direction the asymmetric unit is a dimer residue; however, the individual glucopyranose residues are very nearly related by a molecular 2-fold screw axis. The conformation of the chain is very similar to that in the anhydrous structure, but the chain packing differs in the two structures in that the rotational positions of the chains about the helix axes (the chain setting angles) are considerably different. The chains still pack in the form of sheets that are separated by water molecules. The difference in the chain setting angles between the anhydrous and hydrate structures corresponds to the angle between like unit cell axes observed in the diffraction diagrams recorded from hybrid crystals containing both polymorphs. Despite some beam damage effects, the structure was determined to a satisfactory degree of agreement, with the residuals R′(electron diffraction) = 0.258 and R(X-ray) = 0.127.