The Moderated-Mediated Influence of TikTok, Facebook, and Twitter Usage Alongside Psychological Factors on Academic Achievement among Botho University Students in Botswana: Examining the Role of Self-Regulation and Personal Profile

Abstract

The evolving digital landscape underscores the need to investigate the influence of social media on academic performance. This study examines the intricate relationship between social media use—specifically on TikTok, Facebook, and Twitter—and the academic performance of university students in Botswana. Exploring the roles of psychological traits, self-control, and individual profiles as moderators and mediators in this correlation, the research emphasizes the pivotal influence of these factors in shaping how social media impacts academic performance. The primary objective is to scrutinize both the direct and indirect effects of social media use on student performance, evaluating how self-directed regulation mechanisms can mitigate adverse effects. Employing a quantitative approach, the study analyzed survey data from 55 undergraduate students at Botho University in Botswana, recruited through convenience sampling. While the sample size was constrained by practical limitations, the study offers initial insights to be further explored in future research with larger samples. Utilizing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis, the research investigated usage patterns, perceived impacts, and self-regulation techniques. Findings reveal a robust link between extensive social media use and varied academic performance, influenced significantly by individual self-regulation skills and psychological traits. Notably, strong self-regulation techniques were associated with reduced negative academic consequences, highlighting the crucial role of human control in digital engagement. The study illuminates how social media can serve as both a distraction and a valuable teaching tool, shaped by individual characteristics. It recommends future research focus on specific interventions aimed at enhancing self-regulation abilities to maximize the educational benefits of social media while minimizing drawbacks. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of digital media's impact in educational settings, providing valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and students navigating the challenges of academic success in the digital era.