The models of soybean varieties adapted to dry conditions

Abstract

The article presents the analysis of early-ripening and mid-ripening promising and cultivated soybean varieties that received a comprehensive evaluation under irrigation conditions over the past period (2016-2018) of breeding with the increase in atmospheric drought and dry hot wind days to 77 with a long-term average annual indicator of 47 days with a relative humidity of less than 30%. We developed the scientifically based model of highly productive soybean varieties (2021-2023) with a yield of 2.8-3.8 t/ha and the growth season of 105-122 days. The model is based on the established correlations of the main morphological and biological characteristics with the grain productivity of irrigated sowing. The model of soybean varieties reflects characteristics that ensure the responsiveness of plants to watering and resistance to prolonged manifestations of atmospheric drought: a long growth season, low linear plant growth, significant leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, dry biomass yield, number of plants before harvesting, thousand-seed weight, long-term duration of the “flowering-beans filling” period. The model is complemented by the indicators of high protein and fat content in seeds, as well as their yield from a unit of harvesting area.