Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles of eukaryotic cells which are responsible for the generation of metabolic energy The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial genome a molecule of circular DNA with base pairs containing genes that encode proteins tRNAs and rRNAs Each mitochondrion can have dozens of copies of its mitochondrial DNA depending on the cell type However variations in the mitochondrial DNA copy number have been associated with different pathological states including cancer and environmental exposure to some pollutants Consequently the mitochondrial DNA content represents a useful early biomarker to monitor premature changes in metabolic disorders due to external factors such as environmental pollutants or diseases Therefore in this minireview the way to measure the mitochondrial DNA copy number by PCR as well as some relevant epidemiological studies are summarized
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