The Methods and Application of Automatically Extracting Stream Network of Watershed

Abstract

讨论由栅格数字高程模型(DEM)自动提取流域水系的原理和方法,并以西苕溪中上游流域为研究区进行了河网生成实验. 研究表明:在山地丘陵区和平均地形坡度不小于3°的区域,所生成河网具有很高的可靠性. 为了解决在平均地形坡度小于3°的平坦区域河网生成中产生的虚拟河网与自然水系偏差较大的问题,提出了利用主干河道和平原水系数字化作为约束条件的生成河网的方法,取得了与实际情况比较接近的结果,从而使水文要素的模拟更具有实际意义.;At present, with digital terrain analysis technologies, calculating topographic information directly, modeling hydrological process and extracting hydrological data automatically from digital elevation models (DEM) is the focus of digital hydrology, and the present Geographic Information System (GIS) software based on raster data structure provide solid foundation for the modeling hydrological process, too. Automated extraction of drainage features from DEM is a very important research item of them, and has been widely used in actual works. The paper discussed the principles, methods and process of automated extraction of natural stream networks of watershed from DEM. The upper reaches watershed of Xitiaoxi as a case of study, a raster DEM is used to define surface drainage and extract the stream networks. Through comparing the stream networks delineated from DEM with the actual stream networks, it can be conclude that in the mountains area, especially the area of mean slope no less than 3 degrees, the delineated stream networks would be reliable. In the flat region of mean slope less than 3 degrees, the delineated stream is much different from the actual stream networks. In order to solve the problem, we put forward the restricted river channel method by digitizing the trunk streams and the flat land rivers. With the method, we got the delineated steam networks same as the actual stream networks, and make the simulation of hydrologic factor has more practical value. The method has universal reference value for hydrological modeling of other watersheds, and can improve the efficiency of hydrological modeling obviously.