Abstract
The hydrological information derived from a digital elevation model is very important in distributed hydrological modeling. As part of alpine hydrological research on stream network modeling using remote sensing data in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau, three digital elevation model (DEM) datasets were obtained for the purpose of hydrological features, mainly including channel network, watershed extent and terrain character. The data sources include the airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) with point spacing of 1 m, the High Mountain Asia (HMA) DEM and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM. Mapping of the watershed and stream network was conducted using each of the three DEM datasets. The modeled stream networks using the different DEMs were verified against the actual network mapped in the field. The results show that the stream network derived from the LiDAR DEM was the most accurate representation of the network mapped in the field. The SRTM DEM overestimated the basin hypsometry relative to the LiDAR watershed at the lowest elevation, while the HMA DEM underestimated the basin hypsometry relative to the LiDAR watershed at the highest elevation. This may be because, compared with the SRTM DEM and the HMA DEM, the LiDAR DEM has higher initial point density, accuracy and resolution. It can be seen that the LiDAR data have great potential for the application in hydrologic modeling and water resource management in small alpine catchments.
Highlights
The hydrological characteristic information of stream networks has an important application value in water resources management, land management, forestry management, groundwater monitoring and other natural resources management [1,2,3,4,5,6]
These studies have effectively demonstrated that stream network modeling has positive significance for the analysis of watershed hydrological and geomorphic characteristics, but there is a lack of comparison and analysis of a variety of digital elevation model (DEM) data for the stream network modeling
The accuracy of DEM extracted from the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data as well as hydrological features related to surface topography has a significant potential for improving hydrologic modeling [23,24]
Summary
The hydrological characteristic information of stream networks has an important application value in water resources management, land management, forestry management, groundwater monitoring and other natural resources management [1,2,3,4,5,6]. With the growing availability of high–resolution stereo images and the use of different flow accumulation algorithms [14,15,16], there have been plenty of studies using DEM extracted from remote sensing data to delineate more detailed hydrological information, including flow direction, accumulation of confluence, flow length and stream network, etc. DEM, the HMA DEM and the LiDAR data were used to model stream networks in a small alpine cold catchment with field–mapped stream channels. The hydrological characteristics derived from these three DEMs were compared with the topographic features, watershed and elevation information
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