Abstract
For geographic and historical reasons, the Mediterranean has long been a basic setting for Spanish foreign policy and security. Since the beginning of the century, the geostrategic frame of reference has been the Strait of Gibraltar. The dictatorship of General Francisco Franco developed Moroccan, Arab, and European policies but, at least until the 1990s, no real Mediterranean policy. The Mediterranean basin was considered more as a subsidiary forum for international leadership for Spain, a space in which it could launch initiatives that were independent of the dominant powers of the international order or implied alternatives to that order.
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