Abstract
The mechanism of formation of a secondary drop from the coalescence of a liquid drop (Phase 1) at a liquid/liquid interface was investigated. It was shown by means of high-speed photographs that partial coalescence results from the formation of a liquid column of Phase 1 in Phase 2 which contracts at the base and detaches itself to form the secondary drop. The diameter ratio, secondary to primary, varied with the viscosity ratio p = η 1 η 2 , and passed through a maximum near p = 1. When p was less than 0.02 or greater than 11, no secondary drops formed. Secondary drop formation could be suppressed by adding a high concentration of surfactant or by applying an electrostatic field. The experimental results were analyzed with reasonable success with the aid of Rayleigh's theory of unstable liquid threads.
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