Abstract
An investigation is reported in which the tuft-withdrawal forces of five types of knot used in hand-knotted carpet were measured and compared. The results show that the tuft-withdrawal force varies with the type and complexity of the knot, and in particular with the total angle at which a tuft is wrapped around the warp threads. The Persian and Turkish knots were found to have similar tuft-withdrawal forces. The withdrawal force of the Spanish knot, which is of a simpler structure and is formed on one warp thread, was found to be far less secure than other knots having the same wrap angle (3π radians). The security of the knots is influenced by the reaction of the warp threads to the enveloping tuft, particularly when tension within the knot creates pressure between warp threads, as well as by the end from which the tuft was withdrawn. The Persian and Turkish knots and a new knot structure, designated the Kiwi knot, were recognised as ‘self-locking’ structures, having high tuft security.
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