Abstract
Abstract In order to increase the critical current density and trapped magnetic field in high Tc superconducting materials, various kinds of inhomogeneities were introduced and used as pinning centers of flux lines. A universal scaling behavior of the pinning force is observed in different high Tc cuprates. We show that this scaling law is a natural result of a unified materials equation for type-II superconductors. This equation agrees reasonably well with recently observed phenomena.
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