The Macedonian name dispute and European Union accession

Abstract

This essay assesses Greece role in determining the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’s (FYROM’s) European Union (EU) accession process. Based on documentary evidence, extensive interviews with decision-makers and leaked diplomatic cables, it emerges that Skopje’s path towards Brussels has consistently passed through Athens, linked to disputes concerning the republic’s name and good neighbourly relations. When improvements in bilateral relations have been evinced (1995–2004, 2004–2006), FYROM signed a stabilization and association agreement and became an EU candidate state. During periods of diplomatic confrontation (1991–1994, 2006–2011), the new republic was non-recognized by Athens, did not accede to North Atlantic Treaty Organization and failed to get a date to begin accession negotiations. It is concluded that only if Greece’s relative gain concerns are adequately assuaged will FYROM’s Euro-Atlantic path be completed.