The Long Arc of Islamophobia: African Slavery, Islam, and the Caribbean World

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Abstract This article positions “Islamophobia” in the context of transatlantic slavery, arguing that in order to understand the long history of anti-Muslim bias in the Americas, one must understand anti-Black and anti-African sentiments in Europe. The proposed reorientation illustrates the coimbrication of anti-African and anti-Black biases implicitly present in “Islamophobia.”