THE LINKAGE BETWEEN ETHNIC FRACTIONALIZATION AND ECONOMIC DISPARITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI CIVIL SERVICE STRUCTURE

Abstract

The object of this research is dual. Primarily, and most essentially, the paper tries exploring and to deliver some basic assumptions of ethnic fractionalization based on a boarder arrangement of ethnic group that does not based only language but also other aspects of society such as territory. We have tried to construct regional fractionalization model where regional disparities can be measured and analyzed. We provide this measure for Pakistan specially focusing on the Government sector jobs and Labor force participation rate in certain areas of Punjab Pakistan, using different sources and we discuss in detail resemblances and dissimilarities of our variables with preexisting ones. We developed some assumptions, based on a broad measure of ethnicity where ethnicity is related to both language and region. Secondly, using our measures for Pakistan we reexamine the evidence on the effects of ethnic fractionalization on two general areas: economic growth and the quality of institutions and policy. The Quantitative data was collected from different Pakistani Ministries to determine the ratio of domicile holders in Federal Government departments while analysis was based on qualitative interpretation of the said data. We reach interesting results that shows imbalance and negative relationship between ethnic fractionalization and Economic growth as we extracted data from index of ethnic fractionalization and from various reports published by Government of Pakistan. Keywords: Ethnic measurement, Fractionalization, Pakistan, Economic Growth, diversification