Abstract
The major goal of this paper is to focus on the linkage between sea transportation, trade liberalization and industrial development in the context of carbon dioxide emission. With this respect, it is attempted to analyze the effects of independent variables on the dependent variable carbon dioxide emission for China by using annual data ranging from 1960 to 2019 with the help of econometric methods such as fully modified least square, dynamic ordinary least square, canonical co-integrating regression, autoregressive distributed lag bound test and generalized moments method. According to the results of fully modified least square, dynamic ordinary least square and canonical co-integrating regression models, there is a significant long-term relationship between sea transportation, trade liberalization, industrial development and carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, short term autoregressive distributed lag bound test estimation results reveal that the main determinants of carbon dioxide emission in the short-run are industrial development and sea transportation. The empirical tests reveal important results for policy-makers in China.
Highlights
One of the most frequently discussed global issues in recent years has been environmental destruction in the context of global warming and climate change
This manuscript examines the nexus between sea transportation, trade liberalization, industrial development and carbon dioxide emissions by implementing Fully modified least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), Canonical Co-integrating Regression (CCR) and Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model
Findings from FMOLS, DOLS and CCR models indicate that maritime transport, trade liberalization and industrial development are the determinants of long-term carbon emissions, just as in the results of the ARDL model
Summary
One of the most frequently discussed global issues in recent years has been environmental destruction in the context of global warming and climate change. The leading cause of global warming is the rapid increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The main gas causing the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emitted to the atmosphere by using fossil fuels such as gasoline, coal and natural gas. Mass production and excessive consumption, which started with the industrial revolution, increased energy needs and this requirement were met mostly from fossil fuels. Fossil fuel energy demand has reached exponential growth, causing pollution on the environment. The countries that focused on the economic growth target caused CO2 emissions and led to global warming. The emergence of environmental pollution as a result of industrialization
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