Abstract
The paper presents the influence of limiting factors for the population of the snow leopard on the territory of Tuva (Republic of Tuva, Russia). It describes biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors to irbis. The author examines the role and degree of each factor of this influence. The paper represents literature sources and the authors field research work data for the period 20012019. The study was carried out on the territory of the Chikhacheva, Tsagan-Shibetu, Shapshalskiy Ranges and Sangilen Highlands, that are permanent habitats for the snow leopard. On the studied territories the anthropogenic influence such as hunting, extension of highways, cattle farms and the number of livestock increases in the high mountain ecosystems. All this leads to an increase of disturbance factor, a displacement from traditional habitats of wild animals, especially the irbis food items, so it is forcing the snow leopard to rely more on livestock for food. As a result the cattle breeders sometimes kill snow leopards in retaliation for attacking their livestock. The paper demonstrates data of all known incidents of the snow leopard death and finds of cadavers within the studied region which shows that 74% of all incidents are the fault of people for destroying this rare animal. So it proves that the anthropogenic factor plays a leading role in the death of snow leopard among others.
 Keywords: irbis; snow leopard; ecology; Tuva; Republic of Tuva; limiting factors; biotic factors; abiotic factors; anthropogenic factors; disturbance factor; causes of death of irbis; diseases of irbis; competitors of irbis; snow leopard attacks on livestock.
Highlights
Введение Ирбис – единственный вид крупных кошек, приспособившихся к обитанию в экстремальных экологических условиях высокогорья Центральноазиатского региона
The paper presents the influence of limiting factors for the population
this leads to an increase of disturbance factor
Summary
ЛИМИТИРУЮЩИЕ ФАКТОРЫ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ИРБИСА (PANTHERA UNCIA SHREBER, 1776) НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ТУВЫ. В данной статье рассматривается влияние лимитирующих факторов на ирбиса, или снежного барса, на территории Тувы (Республика Тыва). Описываются биотические, абиотические и антропогенные факторы, действие которых выявлено в отношении ирбиса. В статье приводятся данные по всем известным случаям гибели ирбиса и находкам его трупов в пределах изучаемого региона, по которым видно, что вина человека в гибели редкого зверя отмечена в 74% случаев, что доказывает ведущую роль антропогенного фактора в гибели ирбиса. Ключевые слова: ирбис; снежный барс; экология; Тува; Республика Тыва; лимитирующие факторы; биотические факторы; абиотические факторы; антропогенный фактор; фактор беспокойства; причины гибели ирбиса; болезни ирбиса; конкуренты ирбиса; нападение ирбиса на домашний скот.
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