Abstract
BackgroundTo obtain normal reference ranges and intraobserver variability for right ventricular (RV) volume indexes (VI) and ejection fraction (EF) from apical recordings with real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), and similarly for RV area indexes (AI) and area fraction (AF) with 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE).Methods166 participants; 79 males and 87 females aged between 29–79 years and considered free from clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Normal ranges are defined as 95% reference values and reproducibility as coefficients of variation (CV) for repeated measurements.ResultsNone of the apical recordings with RT3DE and 2DE included the RV outflow tract. Upper reference values were 62 ml/m2 for RV end-diastolic (ED) VI and 24 ml/m2 for RV end-systolic (ES) VI. Lower normal reference value for RVEF was 41%. The respective reference ranges were 17 cm2/m2 for RVEDAI, 11 cm2/m2 for RVESAI and 27% for RVAF. Males had higher upper normal values for RVEDVI, RVESVI and RVEDAI, and a lower limit than females for RVEF and RVAF. Weak but significant negative correlations between age and RV dimensions were found with RT3DE, but not with 2DE. CVs for repeated measurements ranged between 10% and 14% with RT3DE and from 5% to 14% with 2DE.ConclusionAlthough the normal ranges for RVVIs and RVAIs presented in this study reflect RV inflow tract dimensions only, the data presented may still be regarded as a useful tool in clinical practice, especially for RVEF and RVAF.
Highlights
To obtain normal reference ranges and intraobserver variability for right ventricular (RV) volume indexes (VI) and ejection fraction (EF) from apical recordings with real-time 3dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), and for RV area indexes (AI) and area fraction (AF) with 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE)
The present study has provided gender-specific normal reference ranges for both RV volumes and EF measured
RT3DE with automatic border detection and fast online analysis is hampered by the underestimation of RV volumes when compared with MRI and RT3DE with offline analysis
Summary
To obtain normal reference ranges and intraobserver variability for right ventricular (RV) volume indexes (VI) and ejection fraction (EF) from apical recordings with real-time 3dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), and for RV area indexes (AI) and area fraction (AF) with 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). This approach, has not gained widespread acceptance within clinical practice. Assessment of RV size is best performed in the apical 4-chamber view, with reference limits provided for both RV diastolic and systolic areas and for RV area fraction (AF) [5]. The introduction of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) has provided promising results for RV volume measurements from one single modified apical view using offline analysis with Tomtec® 3D software by disc summation [6]
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.